In the industry of harnessing and applying fluid power, hydraulics and pneumatics are often confused with each other. These two have many similarities in the sense that both use a fluid as the primary source of power in creating mechanical energy. Both also have the same components, for example, valves and pumps used in controlling force and velocity. But by understanding the differences of each system, you can determine the suitable applications and whether one or the other fits your requirements.

What is a pneumatic system?

A pneumatic system is powered by lubricated compressed air or dry inert gas. One of the primary uses of a pneumatic system is to absorb shock. The gas used in pneumatics is compressible; hence, the machine is less susceptible to the damaging effects of shock. A pneumatic system can be found in a broad range of uses. Some examples include robotics, dentist tools, mining equipment, and construction machines. But unlike a hydraulic system, pneumatics can be used in safety applications such as in food production and pharmaceuticals because the system is clean and will not cause contamination.

Similar to a hydraulic system, pneumatics is also easy to use and operate with simple levers and buttons. One of the main advantages of pneumatics over hydraulics is the cheaper cost. Air used in the system can be released back into the atmosphere and is not hazardous to the environment, unlike some types of hydraulic fluids. 

What is a hydraulic system?

A hydraulic system uses a non-compressible liquid as a source of power. Hydraulics are more commonly in large-scale applications such as industrial machinery and construction equipment. One excellent feature of hydraulics is that it is suitable for mobile applications through the use of a compact HPU Micro Pack. If you are observant, you will see that some everyday machines like elevators, power tools, turbines, and amusement park rides rely on hydraulics to function.

Unlike pneumatic systems, a hydraulic machine is not suitable for use in food and beverage manufacturing. Hydraulic machines contain fluid that may contaminate machine parts if there is a leak. Compared with a pneumatic system, hydraulic systems tend to be larger and have more complex components. Nevertheless, it is still relatively easy to operate using levers and buttons. Since hydraulic systems are typically larger, they have more power than pneumatic machines and can handle massive loads.

Most suitable applications for pneumatics

A pneumatic system is often found in factory settings as well as in medical equipment. The tools used by a dentist use a pneumatic system for power. Ideally, almost any machine that requires automation and mechanical energy can make use of pneumatics, but choosing a pneumatic system depends on the application requirements.

Most suitable applications for hydraulics

Hydraulic systems have broad applications in the industrial sector. The most common is in automobile brakes. Almost all equipment used in lifting heavy loads uses hydraulics for power, which is why construction machines and equipment practically always run on hydraulic power. In addition to these, hydraulics is also highly efficient and compatible with equipment used in heavy-duty mining operations.

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